• A high sperm DNA fragmentation index has a negative effect on blastocyst development;
• The higher the sperm DNA fragmentation index, the greater the risk of infertility, failure of assisted reproductive technologies and spontaneous abortion;
• Sperm DNA fragmentation index is higher in infertile men with abnormal sperm counts;
• A man with normal sperm data may have a high sperm DNA fragmentation index;

• A high sperm DNA fragmentation index has a negative effect on blastocyst development;
• provides information that, in the case of infertility, helps us to make a clinical diagnosis, develop disease management and treatment tactics;
• This test has prognostic value in terms of getting pregnant;

In men, the main prerequisite for sperm DNA fragmentation is oxidative stress, which can be caused by:

• with infection
• with hyperthermia
• with increased temperature in the testicles
• with specific medications
• by using tobacco
• by consuming alcohol
• with stress
• with diet
• with environmental conditions
• by age
• Varicocele

• unexplained infertility;
• Embryo development delay;
• several unsuccessful attempts at in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection;
• routine abortion;
• elderly patient;
• varicocele;
• Sperm indicators deviating from the norm;
• Contact with harmful substances.

• An embryo obtained by sperm with a high DNA fragmentation index has a poor prognosis;
• The result of DNA fragmentation can be apoptosis or mutations, as a result of which the development of the embryo is blocked, spontaneous abortion occurs or fetal development anomalies develop;
• A normal, healthy pregnancy can occur with sperm with a high DNA fragmentation index, although the probability of this is low.

The treatment method depends on the underlying cause. If damage to sperm's genetic material is caused by free radicals, lifestyle and diet changes are recommended to minimize the percentage of oxidative stress. Other methods are:

• Antibiotic therapy in case of infection;
• Lifestyle changes, meaning specific medications, tobacco use, and activities;
• A diet that includes healthy foods containing antioxidants, vitamins C and E;
• Testicular aspiration of sperm, as the genetic material of the sperm is fragmented after transport from the testis. The genetic material of sperm collected from the glands is usually less damaged than the genetic material of ejaculated sperm.
• From assisted reproductive technologies, it is better to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection;